{"id":19980,"date":"2023-11-16T17:54:33","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T17:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/?p=19980"},"modified":"2023-11-16T17:54:33","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T17:54:33","slug":"komplexni-prehled-pravnich-principu-smluvniho-prava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/komplexni-prehled-pravnich-principu-smluvniho-prava\/","title":{"rendered":"Komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"articlenav\">\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title1\">\u00davod do pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title2\">Vznik smlouvy <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title3\">Zp\u016fsobilost k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fakon\u016fm <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title4\">Obsah smlouvy <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title5\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title6\">Zp\u016fsobilost k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fakon\u016fm<\/a><\/li>\n<p>. N\u00e1pravn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy <\/p>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title7\">Nevymahateln\u00e9 smlouvy <\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menuitem\"><a href=\"#title8\">Z\u00e1v\u011br <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"articlecontent\">\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> V modern\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 pochopen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1sad smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Smlouva je pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymahateln\u00e1 dohoda mezi dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce stranami. Smlouvy jsou z\u00e1kladem mnoha obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed a jejich poru\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je poskytnout p\u0159ehled pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1sad smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title1\" class=\"title\">\u00davod do pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1sad smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/div>\n<p> Smluvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je soubor pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, kter\u00e9 upravuj\u00ed uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed smluv. Smlouvy jsou pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 dohody mezi dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce stranami. Smlouvy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha oblastech \u017eivota, od n\u00e1kupu automobilu po zalo\u017een\u00ed podniku. Aby byla smlouva pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymahateln\u00e1, mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title2\" class=\"title\">Vznik smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> Vznik smlouvy vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i prvky: nab\u00eddku, p\u0159ijet\u00ed a protipln\u011bn\u00ed. Nab\u00eddka je nab\u00eddka osoby uzav\u0159\u00edt smlouvu. Nab\u00eddka mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00e1 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e1. P\u0159ijet\u00ed je akt souhlasu s nab\u00eddkou. Protipln\u011bn\u00ed je n\u011bco hodnotn\u00e9ho, co strany nab\u00edzej\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title3\" class=\"title\">Zp\u016fsobilost k uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> Strany mus\u00ed m\u00edt pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zp\u016fsobilost k uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy. Z\u00e1kon obecn\u011b vy\u017eaduje, aby strany byly plnolet\u00e9, p\u0159\u00ed\u010detn\u00e9 a nebyly pod vlivem alkoholu nebo drog. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee osoba mlad\u0161\u00ed osmn\u00e1cti let nem\u016f\u017ee uzav\u0159\u00edt smlouvu. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title4\" class=\"title\">Obsah smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> Obsah smlouvy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00fd a jednozna\u010dn\u00fd. Strany mus\u00ed rozum\u011bt tomu, na \u010dem se dohodly. Podm\u00ednky smlouvy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt ponech\u00e1ny na v\u00fdkladu. Soudy nebudou vym\u00e1hat smlouvu, kter\u00e1 je nejasn\u00e1 nebo nejednozna\u010dn\u00e1. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title5\" class=\"title\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> K poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy doch\u00e1z\u00ed, pokud jedna ze stran nepln\u00ed sv\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze smlouvy. Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt strana, kter\u00e1 smlouvu neporu\u0161ila, n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. V\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody bude z\u00e1viset na povaze poru\u0161en\u00ed a rozsahu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161kody. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title6\" class=\"title\">N\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> N\u00e1pravn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy budou z\u00e1viset na druhu smlouvy a rozsahu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161kody. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt strana, kter\u00e1 smlouvu neporu\u0161ila, n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v pen\u011bz\u00edch. V jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt strana, kter\u00e1 smlouvu neporu\u0161ila, n\u00e1rok na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e je soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz, kter\u00fd po\u017eaduje, aby strana poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed smlouvu splnila sv\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze smlouvy. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title7\" class=\"title\">Nevymahateln\u00e9 smlouvy<\/div>\n<p> Ne v\u0161echny smlouvy jsou pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymahateln\u00e9. Smlouva m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nevymahateln\u00e1, pokud nebyla \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b uzav\u0159ena nebo pokud poru\u0161uje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek \u010di jin\u00e9 platn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. Krom\u011b toho jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 smlouvy, nap\u0159\u00edklad smlouvy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, nevymahateln\u00e9. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"title8\" class=\"title\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/div>\n<p> Smluvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1sady smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va upravuj\u00ed uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed smluv. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1sad je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na jak\u00e9mkoli typu smluvn\u00edch dohod.  <\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"questions\">\n<div class=\"questionstitle\">FAQ<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Co jsou smluvn\u00ed z\u00e1sady obecn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va?<\/div>\n<p> Smluvn\u00ed z\u00e1sady zvykov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va jsou z\u00e1sady, kter\u00e9 byly stanoveny na z\u00e1klad\u011b precedent\u016f v soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech. Tyto z\u00e1sady zahrnuj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na nab\u00eddku a p\u0159ijet\u00ed, protipln\u011bn\u00ed a \u00famysl vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Jak\u00fdch je 7 prvk\u016f smlouvy?<\/div>\n<p> Existuje sedm prvk\u016f smlouvy: nab\u00eddka, p\u0159ijet\u00ed, protipln\u011bn\u00ed, \u00famysl vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah, ur\u010ditost, zp\u016fsobilost a z\u00e1konnost. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Nab\u00eddka je ur\u010dit\u00fd slib n\u011bco ud\u011blat nebo se n\u011b\u010deho zdr\u017eet. Osoba, kter\u00e1 \u010din\u00ed nab\u00eddku, je oferent a osoba, kter\u00e9 je nab\u00eddka ur\u010dena, je oferent. Nab\u00eddka mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00e1 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e1 a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sd\u011blena adres\u00e1tovi nab\u00eddky. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Akceptace je okam\u017eik, kdy p\u0159\u00edjemce nab\u00eddky souhlas\u00ed s podm\u00ednkami nab\u00eddky. K tomu m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v\u00fdslovn\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee oferentovi sd\u011bl\u00ed, \u017ee nab\u00eddku p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1, nebo konkludentn\u011b t\u00edm, \u017ee podnikne kroky, kter\u00e9 jsou v souladu s p\u0159ijet\u00edm nab\u00eddky. Protipln\u011bn\u00ed je n\u011bco hodnotn\u00e9ho, co ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana d\u00e1v\u00e1 druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u00fdm\u011bnou za slib u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd ve smlouv\u011b. Jedna strana m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad sl\u00edbit, \u017ee zaplat\u00ed pen\u00edze v\u00fdm\u011bnou za p\u0159\u00edslib druh\u00e9 strany poskytnout zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eby. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Z\u00e1m\u011br vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah je \u00famysl stran b\u00fdt smlouvou pr\u00e1vn\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Tento \u00famysl m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdslovn\u00fd nebo konkludentn\u00ed. Ur\u010ditost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee podm\u00ednky smlouvy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ur\u010dit\u00e9, aby strany v\u011bd\u011bly, k \u010demu se zavazuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Zp\u016fsobilost je schopnost stran uzav\u0159\u00edt smlouvu. U dosp\u011bl\u00fdch osob to obvykle nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, ale nezletil\u00e9 osoby a osoby s ment\u00e1ln\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopny smlouvu pochopit a b\u00fdt j\u00ed tak v\u00e1z\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Z\u00e1konnost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee smlouva se nesm\u00ed t\u00fdkat n\u011b\u010deho nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho. Pokud se smlouva t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u011b\u010deho nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho, je neplatn\u00e1 a strany j\u00ed nejsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Jak\u00e9 jsou 4 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prvky pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 smlouvy?<\/div>\n<p> Aby byla smlouva pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1, mus\u00ed m\u00edt \u010dty\u0159i podstatn\u00e9 prvky: nab\u00eddku, p\u0159ijet\u00ed, protipln\u011bn\u00ed a \u00famysl vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Nab\u00eddka je n\u00e1vrh dohody mezi dv\u011bma stranami. Aby byla nab\u00eddka pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt jasn\u00e1 a jednozna\u010dn\u00e1. Akceptace znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jedna strana souhlas\u00ed s podm\u00ednkami nab\u00eddky. Protipln\u011bn\u00ed je to, \u010deho se ka\u017ed\u00e1 ze smluvn\u00edch stran vzd\u00e1, aby mohla b\u00fdt uzav\u0159ena dohoda. Jedna strana m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad souhlasit s t\u00edm, \u017ee poskytne zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eby, zat\u00edmco druh\u00e1 strana souhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee za to zaplat\u00ed pen\u00edze. \u00damysl vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztah je dohoda mezi dv\u011bma stranami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v \u00famyslu vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou smlouvu. To lze prok\u00e1zat slovy nebo jedn\u00e1n\u00edm stran.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00davod do pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va Vznik smlouvy Zp\u016fsobilost k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fakon\u016fm Obsah smlouvy Poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy Zp\u016fsobilost k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u00fakon\u016fm . N\u00e1pravn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy Nevymahateln\u00e9 smlouvy Z\u00e1v\u011br V modern\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu m\u00e1 pochopen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1sad smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Smlouva je pr\u00e1vn\u011b vymahateln\u00e1 dohoda mezi dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce stranami. Smlouvy jsou z\u00e1kladem &#8230; <a title=\"Komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/komplexni-prehled-pravnich-principu-smluvniho-prava\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":268,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-podnikatelske-a-pracovni-predpisy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/268"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19980"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26069,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19980\/revisions\/26069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/soubory.info\/znalost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}